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122 lines
4 KiB
Markdown
122 lines
4 KiB
Markdown
% toki pona page 7 - prepositions and locations
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% /dev/urandom
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% march 2020
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The vocabulary for this page will be divided into two groups. Prepositions:
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| word | meaning | derived from |
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|---------|---------------------------------|----------------------------------|
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| kepeken | to use, using, with the help of | Dutch "gebruiken" (to use) |
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| lon | in, at, on, true, present, exist| Tok Pisin "long" (at, in, on) |
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| sama | same as, similar, like, sibling | Esperanto/Finnish "sama" (same) |
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| tan | from, because of, cause, reason | Cantonese "tsung" (from) |
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| tawa | to, for, moving, from persp. of | English "towards" |
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And regular words (which in this case all relate to locations):
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| word | meaning | derived from |
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|---------|---------------------------------|----------------------------------|
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| sewi | up, above, sky, divine, sacred | Georgian "zevit" (upwards) |
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| noka | foot, leg, bottom, under | Serbo-Croatian "noga" (foot/leg) |
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| poka | hip, side, next to, nearby | Serbo-Croatian "boka" (of side) |
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| monsi | back, behind, rear | Acadian French "mon tchu" |
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| sinpin | face, foremost, front, wall | Cantonese "tsin bin" (in front) |
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Prepositions are words that are attacked to other parts of the sentence in order
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to express a place or time (more on that in the future) or a specific detail
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about the action.
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In toki pona, the words "kepeken", "lon", "sama", "tan" and "tawa" can be
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prepositions -- in which case they're added at the end of the sentence without
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any extra particles -- or as regular words with related meanings.
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Here are some examples of all five of these words, both as prepositions and as
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regular words:
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> mi pona e tomo kepeken ilo mi. -- I am repairing the house using my tools.
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> mi toki kepeken toki pona. -- I speak in toki pona.
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> sina kepeken e ilo sitelen. -- You are using a writing/drawing tool (pen,
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> pencil, brush).
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> mi lon tomo sina. -- I am in your house.
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> jan ike li kalama mute lon tomo lipu. -- A bad person is being very noisy
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> in the library.
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> ona toki e ijo lon. -- He/she/they speak the truth ("talk about things that
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> exist").
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> mi en sina li sama. -- You and I are similar.
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> meli sama mi li pona. -- My sister is good.
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> kiwen lili li sama lukin pipi. -- The pebble ("small rock") looks like a bug.
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> mi lape tan ni: mi jo ala e wawa. -- I sleep, because i don't have any energy.
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> mi tawa tan tomo mi. -- I am leaving my house.
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> tomo tawa mi li pona. -- My car ("moving house/structure") is good.
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> mi tawa lon tomo moku. -- I am going to the restaurant ("house of food").
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The word "tawa" can also express perspective.
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> sina li pona tawa mi. -- I like you. ("You are good for me.")
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And here are some examples of the location words:
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> waso mute li lon sewi. -- Many birds are in the sky.
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> mi toki tawa jan sewi. -- I speak to a (deity/angel/someone divine/man in the
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> sky).
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## Dialectal differences
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> %info%
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> This part of the document describes how certain toki pona courses differ in
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> explaining certain ideas.
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The official book uses "lon" with a wider meaning, also including "with". For
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example, "I speak in toki pona" is translated as "mi toki lon toki pona". This
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does not seem to be a common usage of the word.
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## Exercises
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Now, try to figure out the meaning of these sentences.
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* mi moku ala e soweli.
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* jan pona sina li toki e ma e telo.
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* mi pali e tomo ni.
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* jan utala pona mute li awen e kulupu ni.
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*
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And try to translate the following sentences into toki pona.
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* Your city doesn't have any workers.
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*
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*
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*
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*
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<a name="answers" href="#answers" onclick="revealSpoilers();">Reveal answers</a>
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> %spoiler%
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> * I don't eat animals (i.e. meat).
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> * Your friend is talking about the land and the water.
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> * I built this house.
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> * The good warriors will protect this community.
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> *
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> %spoiler%
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> * ma tomo sina li jo ala e jan pali.
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> *
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> *
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> *
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> *
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[Next page](7.html) [Previous page](5.html)
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