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99 lines
3 KiB
Markdown
99 lines
3 KiB
Markdown
% toki pona page 6 - this and that
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% /dev/urandom
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% march 2020
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The vocabulary for this page:
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| word | meaning | derived from |
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|---------|---------------------------------|----------------------------------|
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| ante | different, changed, to change | Dutch "ander" (other, different) |
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| awen | keep, stay, endure, protect | Dutch "houden" (keep, care for) |
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| en | and (combines subjects) | Dutch "en" (and) |
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| kalama | sound, noise, to read/make sound| Serbo-Croatian "galama" (noise) |
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| kulupu | group, community, society | Tongan "kulupu" (from "group") |
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| lape | sleep, rest | Dutch "slapen" (sleep) |
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| mute | many, more, quantity | Esperanto "multe" (a lot) |
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| ni | this, that | Cantonese "ni" (this) |
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| pakala | break, mistake, (generic curse) | Tok Pisin "bagarap" (accident) |
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| seli | heat, warmth, chemical reaction | Georgian "cxeli" (hot) |
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Before we discover a whole new type of words and new grammar, let's fill in some
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blanks.
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The word "en" lets one combine several subjects in one sentence:
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> mi en sina li moku. -- Me and you are eating.
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Note that it is _not_ used to combine several verbs or objects.
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The word "mute" allows to specify whether the subject (or object) is singular or
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plural.
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> jan utala mute -- many warriors
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> mi mute -- we, us
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Here are some example sentences:
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> jan lili mute li lape. -- The children are sleeping.
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> kulupu ni li pona mute. -- This community is very good.
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> kiwen suli li pakala e tomo lipu. -- A big rock damaged the library ("house of
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> books").
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> mi pakala lili. -- I made a little mistake.
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> ilo sina li kalama mute ike. -- Your instrument is making lots of bad noise.
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The word "ni" is also used to create more complex sentences.
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> jan lili toki e ni: sina pona. -- The child said that you're good.
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## Dialectal differences
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> %info%
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> This part of the document describes how certain toki pona courses differ in
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> explaining certain ideas.
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There doesn't seem to be an agreement whether or not "en" can be used within
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phrases that use the particle "pi" (will be explained later). In addition, Sonja
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Lang herself said that using "en" to combine several objects is "not completely
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wrong", but rather stylistically inelegant.
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## Exercises
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Now, try to figure out the meaning of these sentences.
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* mi moku ala e soweli.
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* jan pona sina li toki e ma e telo.
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* mi pali e tomo ni.
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* jan utala pona mute li awen e kulupu ni.
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*
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And try to translate the following sentences into toki pona.
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* Your city doesn't have any workers.
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*
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*
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*
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*
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<a name="answers" href="#answers" onclick="revealSpoilers();">Reveal answers</a>
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> %spoiler%
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> * I don't eat animals (i.e. meat).
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> * Your friend is talking about the land and the water.
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> * I built this house.
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> * The good warriors will protect this community.
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> *
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> %spoiler%
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> * ma tomo sina li jo ala e jan pali.
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> *
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> *
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> *
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> *
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[Next page](7.html) [Previous page](5.html)
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