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% toki pona page 6 - this and that % /dev/urandom % march 2020
The vocabulary for this page:
| word | meaning | derived from |
|---|---|---|
| ante | different, changed, to change | Dutch "ander" (other, different) |
| awen | keep, stay, endure, protect | Dutch "houden" (keep, care for) |
| en | and (combines subjects) | Dutch "en" (and) |
| kalama | sound, noise, to read/make sound | Serbo-Croatian "galama" (noise) |
| kulupu | group, community, society | Tongan "kulupu" (from "group") |
| lape | sleep, rest | Dutch "slapen" (sleep) |
| mute | many, more, quantity | Esperanto "multe" (a lot) |
| ni | this, that | Cantonese "ni" (this) |
| pakala | break, mistake, (generic curse) | Tok Pisin "bagarap" (accident) |
| seli | heat, warmth, chemical reaction | Georgian "cxeli" (hot) |
Before we discover a whole new type of words and new grammar, let's fill in some blanks.
The word "en" lets one combine several subjects in one sentence:
mi en sina li moku. -- Me and you are eating.
Note that it is not used to combine several verbs or objects.
The word "mute" allows to specify whether the subject (or object) is singular or plural.
jan utala mute -- many warriors
mi mute -- we, us
Here are some example sentences:
jan lili mute li lape. -- The children are sleeping.
kulupu ni li pona mute. -- This community is very good.
kiwen suli li pakala e tomo lipu. -- A big rock damaged the library ("house of books").
mi pakala lili. -- I made a little mistake.
ilo sina li kalama mute ike. -- Your instrument is making lots of bad noise.
The word "ni" is also used to create more complex sentences.
jan lili toki e ni: sina pona. -- The child said that you're good.
Dialectal differences
%info% This part of the document describes how certain toki pona courses differ in explaining certain ideas.
There doesn't seem to be an agreement whether or not "en" can be used within phrases that use the particle "pi" (will be explained later). In addition, Sonja Lang herself said that using "en" to combine several objects is "not completely wrong", but rather stylistically inelegant.
Exercises
Now, try to figure out the meaning of these sentences.
- mi moku ala e soweli.
- jan pona sina li toki e ma e telo.
- mi pali e tomo ni.
- jan utala pona mute li awen e kulupu ni.
And try to translate the following sentences into toki pona.
- Your city doesn't have any workers.
%spoiler%
- I don't eat animals (i.e. meat).
- Your friend is talking about the land and the water.
- I built this house.
- The good warriors will protect this community.
%spoiler%
- ma tomo sina li jo ala e jan pali.