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* Translation for page 1 * title changed * page 2 * page 3 * page 4 * some changes * fixed wrong number * page 5 * fix untranslated * page 6 * page 7 * typo * page 7a * page 8 * page 9 * page 10 * translate untranslated * page 11 * page 12 * page 13 * changed wording for consistency * chinese numbers -> arabic numbers * zh index * chinese perspective
227 lines
9.2 KiB
Markdown
227 lines
9.2 KiB
Markdown
% lipu sona pona（toki pona课程）
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% /dev/urandom
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% 2024-02-21
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这是一个试图构建一个关于*toki pona*的非官方教育课程的系列页面，*toki pona*是一种人工
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语言，最初设计于2001年，然后逐年由索尼娅·兰进行逐步修订。
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这门语言设计的理念是极简主义和通过将复杂的思想分解为基本元素来简化思维。它只使用
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了120个“官方词汇”（社群有时也会使用一些额外的词汇），语法非常简单，并且使用了少量不
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易混淆的音素。
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因此，这门语言被认为是非常容易学习的，有些人声称只需几天就能读懂它，并在一两周内达到流
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利水平。
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然而，简单性也带来了局限性。许多词汇有多重含义，一些短语或句子在没有上下文的情况下会产
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生歧义。在 toki pona 中表达许多概念和想法需要人们想出自己的短语或完全重新表述它们（正
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如之前提到的，这是语言的一部分）。
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谈到上下文，toki pona 是一种非常依赖上下文的语言。不同的人可能会用完全不同的方式描述
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相同的基本概念或事物。这也是语言的一部分。甚至语言的一些规则也会被不同的人以不同的方式
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解读，无论是根据他们的母语还是他们对如何最好地传达某些信息的看法。
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此外，toki pona还被设计成易于使用，无论你的母语是什么。toki pona中使用的音素和音节结
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构都截然不同，而且在许多语言中都很常见，而词汇则使用了来自世界各地的许多语言的词汇。
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# 关于这门课程
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已经有几个学习toki pona的好资源可用。最重要（也是我认为最好的）是
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[**官方 toki pona 书籍**](https://tokipona.org/)（也称为“pu”），由索尼娅·兰在2014
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年出版。这本书不是免费的，但是它是一本写得很好的书，有很多额外的阅读材料，并且很好地解
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释了这门语言。
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一个有趣的视频课程是jan Misali的[“12 days of sona pi toki pona”](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4L-dvvng4Zc)YouTube系列。它在12个短视频中涵盖了整个语言，每个视频都包含了官方词典中的 10 个词汇（嘘：我的页面结构就是受到它的启发）。
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此前，Bryant Knight（也称为“jan Pije”）的在线课程“o kama sona e toki pona!”（“学
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习toki pona！”）是另一个重要的学习资源。在被创建者撤回之前，它是最早的 toki pona 网
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页之一。因此，它在使用某些词语的方式上有一些不同。该课程的早期版本还因在内容中包含了一
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些相当偏见的陈述和文本而引起了一些争议。
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我在这里的目标是尽量呈现一种考虑到人们说与写toki pona的不同方式以及它现在的使用方式的版本。一些页面将包含“方言差异”部分，其中将涵盖这些差异。一些较大的差异将立即描述。我会对其中一些差异提供我的个人意见，因此，虽然这门课程试图做到全面，但它并不是公正的。
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编号为零的页面将提供有关语言的拼写和发音的基本信息，而之后的每一页将介绍语言的120个词汇中的10个词汇。
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## 目录
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### 课程页面
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* [第0页 - 拼写与发音](zh_0.html)
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* [第1页 - 基本句子](zh_1.html)
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* [第2页 - 形容词](zh_2.html)
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* [第3页 - 动词与宾语](zh_3.html)
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* [第4页 - 不好了！更多词汇](zh_4.html)
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* [第5页 - 这与那](zh_5.html)
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* [第6页 - 介词与位置](zh_6.html)
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* [第7页 - 感叹句、问句、祈使句以及名字](zh_7.html)
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* * [第7a页 - 创造toki pona非官方词汇](zh_7a.html)
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* [第8页 - 色彩缤纷的语言](zh_8.html)
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* [第9页 - 复杂的形容词与语境](zh_9.html)
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* [第10页 - 助动词，时间与地点](zh_10.html)
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* [第11页 - 数字](zh_11.html)
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* [第12页 - 最后的倒数](zh_12.html)
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* [第13页 - 特别辞典版本](zh_13.html) **新**
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### 额外页面（未翻译）
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* [额外页面1 - 旧与新词](x1.html)
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* * [一些词在toki pona中的描述](nimi_pi_pu_ala.html)
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* [额外页面2 - 其他的书写系统](x2.html)
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* * [sitelen pona](sitelen_pona.html)
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* [辞典](dictionary.html)
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* [我的个人风格](personal_style.html)
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* [鸣谢](credits.html)
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### 原创内容
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* [phonetic alphabet (EN/RU)](phonetic_alphabet.html)
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* [keyboard layout](keyboard.html)
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* [musi pi jan lawa moli (rules of chess)](chess.html)
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* * [musi Soki (rules of shogi) (wip)](shogi.html)
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* [lipu nasin pi musi Lisi Masan (Riichi Mahjong) (WIP)](riichi_mahjong.html)
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* ["insa pi supa lape" -- an original sitelen pona font](supalape.html)
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* [ante toki tawa musi pi sitelen tawa (video game translations)](game_patches.html)
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* * ["jan lawa pi linja ilo" ("LAN Master")](jan_lawa_pi_linja_ilo.html)
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* [list of Russian/Ukrainian/Belarusian city names](city_names.html)
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* ["nasin Juni pi ilo kon"](nasin_juni.html), a short page about the "Unix way"
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* ["o lawa e sona sina!"](o_lawa_e_sona_sina.html), a small article about the
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centralization of the internet
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* [nasin tenpo](nasin_tenpo.html), a time measurement system that only uses a
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few numbers
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* ["pilin pi kama pona"](la_espero.html): a translation of the Esperantist
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anthem
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### Alternative versions
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* [Google Docs version](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1uZ-OqpATrjJwCRRvKLEoT16mphES4Id_za_gHmrtEQ4/edit?usp=sharing)
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### Other people's content
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* [IBus tables for sitelen pona](sitelen_pona_ibus.html) _by jan Komi_
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* [_jan Pije_'s video game translations](game_patches_jp.html)
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## Software
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Here are links to some software that I personally found useful:
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* ["ding" dictionary tool](http://www-user.tu-chemnitz.de/~fri/ding/) is a
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simple-looking and easy to use dictionary tool that, by default, comes bundled
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with German-to-English dictionaries, but toki pona-to-English files for it are
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also available [on this
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page](https://jan-lope.github.io/Toki_Pona_lessons_English/).
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* [toki pona keyboard](https://github.com/timeopochin/tokiponakeyboard) for
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Android phones. Supports both Latin (with some sitelen pona font features) and
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sitelen emoji. (WIP)
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* [ilo pi sitelen pona](https://ilo-pi-sitelen-pona.glitch.me/): a web-based
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tool that converts Latin-based toki pona into UCSUR-compatible sitelen pona.
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## Other courses online
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* [Jonathan Gabel's lessons](https://jonathangabel.com/toki-pona) teach both
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toki pona as a language and "sitelen sitelen", a rather ornamental-looking (if
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uncommon in general usage) writing system for toki pona.
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## Useful resources
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Apart from the above-mentioned book and courses, here are some good resources
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and links for people who want to learn or use toki pona:
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* [tokipona.net](http://tokipona.net) (warning: if your "HTTPS Everywhere" addon
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is set to "Encrypt All Sites Eligible", disable it for tokipona.net, or else
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it will redirect you to an unrelated website)
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* ["lipu lili pona", a description of toki pona's rules and vocabulary on 2
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pages](https://neocities.org/site/lipu-lili-pona)
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* [Another description of toki pona's rules and vocab on 2
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pages](https://morr.cc/toki-pona-cheat-sheet/)
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* [A toki pona dictionary with sitelen pona
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characters](https://theotherwebsite.com/tokipona/) by "The Other Website"
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* [toki pona flashcards for Anki](https://ankiweb.net/shared/decks/toki%20pona)
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* * [flashcards based on this
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website](https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/204928497), by u/parentis\_shotgun
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* [jan Sotan's description of his personal style, including the informal "tok'
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apona" dialect](https://github.com/ae-dschorsaanjo/lipu-lili-pi-toki-pona)
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## Other people's original works
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* ["musi lili"](https://musilili.net/), a page by jan Same
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* [lipu kule, a blog with posts in toki pona by various
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people](https://lipukule.org/)
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* ["lipu tenpo", a toki pona magazine](https://liputenpo.org/)
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* [lipu Wikipesija, a recent project to make a toki pona
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Wikipedia](https://wikipesija.org) **NEW**
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* [Russian TV: "Art Revolution" on conlangs](art_revolution.html) with subtitles
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by me
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* [nasin tenpo pona](https://weatherwhim.github.io/nasin-tenpo-pona/), a
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calendar system that uses toki pona words
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### Discussion groups and chats
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* [/r/tokipona subreddit](https://reddit.com/r/tokipona)
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* ["ma pona pi toki pona" Discord server](https://discord.gg/Byqn5z9)
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* [toki pona Telegram group](https://telegram.me/joinchat/BLVsYz92zHUp2h2TYp9kTA)
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* * [IRC channel #tokipona on Freenode, bridged with the Telegram group](ircs://freenode.org:6697/#tokipona)
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* ["kulupu pi toki pona" Telegram group](https://t.me/kulupupitokipona) (this
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one is usually more about talking _in_ toki pona)
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---
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<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"><img
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alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0"
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src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/3.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />This work
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is licensed under a <a rel="license"
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href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons
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Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License</a>.
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<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"><img
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alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0"
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src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />This work
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is licensed under a <a rel="license"
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href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons
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Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.
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