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98 lines
3.2 KiB
Markdown
98 lines
3.2 KiB
Markdown
% toki pona page 4 - verbs and objects
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% /dev/urandom
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% march 2020
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The vocabulary for this page:
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| word | meaning | derived from |
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|-------|----------------------------------|-----------------------------------|
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| e | (specifies an object) | unknown origin |
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| ijo | thing, object | Esperanto "io" (something) |
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| ilo | tool, machine, device | Esperanto "ilo" (tool) |
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| lipu | book, document, paper | Finnish "lippu" (flag, banner) |
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| lukin | eye, to look, to see, to seek to | Tok Pisin "lukim" (see, look at) |
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| olin | love, compassion, affection | Serbo-Croatian "volim" (I love) |
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| pali | to do, to work, to make, labor | Esperanto "fari" (do, make) |
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| pana | to give, to send, to emit | Finnish "panna" (put, set, place) |
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| telo | water, fluid, to water, to clean | Acadian French "de l'eau" (water) |
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| tomo | home, room, structure | Esperanto "domo" (house) |
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To add a verb to the sentence, use the following structure:
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> [noun] li [verb]
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For example,
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> mije li pali. - A man is working. / A man works.
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Both the noun and the verb can have adjectives added after it.
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> jan wawa li pali pona. - A strong person is working well.
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> %info%
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> Verbs don't have any tense information in them. A way to specify time will be
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explained in a later page.
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To add an object -- the thing that the verb applies to -- use the particle "e"
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for a following structure:
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> [subject] li [verb] e [object]
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> jan wawa li pali e tomo. - A strong person is (building/working on) a house.
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Objects can also have adjectives added to them.
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> jan pali li pana e moku pona. - A worker gives out good food.
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Here are some sentences:
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> jan pona mi li pona e ilo lukin. - My friend is (improving/fixing) a looking
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> instrument (glasses, binoculars, microscope, etc.).
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> mi telo e moku. - I clean the food.
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> mi olin e meli mi. - I love my wife.
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Since the word "lukin" itself describes the act of seeing someone, rather than
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their appearance, complimenting someone on the latter would usually be expressed
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as:
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> sina pona lukin. - You look good (are "good visually").
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## Exercises
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Now, try to figure out the meaning of these sentences.
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* jan lili li pana e telo lukin.
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* ona li lukin e lipu.
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* soweli ike li utala e meli.
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* jan utala li moku e kili suli.
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* soweli lili li moku e telo.
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* mi telo e ijo suli.
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And try to translate the following sentences into toki pona.
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* She loves every person.
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* The bathroom (house of water) is good.
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* I hand out documents.
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* An evil warrior is looking at your house.
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* My instrument is working well.
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<a name="answers" href="#answers" onclick="revealSpoilers();">Reveal answers</a>
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> %spoiler%
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> * A child is crying (emitting eye water).
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> * (He/she/they) look at a document.
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> * The bad animal is attacking a woman.
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> * The warrior is eating a big (fruit/vegetable/mushroom).
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> * Little animals are drinking water.
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> * I am (watering/cleaning) something big.
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> %spoiler%
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> * ona li olin e jan ale.
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> * tomo telo li pona.
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> * mi pana e lipu.
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> * jan utala ike li lukin e tomo sina.
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> * ilo mi li pali pona.
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[Next page](5.html) [Previous page](3.html)
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