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105 lines
2.7 KiB
Markdown
105 lines
2.7 KiB
Markdown
% toki pona page 10 - complex adjectives and contexts
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% /dev/urandom
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% march 2020
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The vocabulary for this page:
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| word | meaning | derived from |
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|-------|----------------------------------|----------------------------------|
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| pi | "of" (groups adjectives) | Tok Pisin "bilong" (of) |
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| la | "if/when" (introduces context) | Esperanto "la" (definite article)|
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| luka | hand, arm | Serbo-Croatian "ruka" (arm) |
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| linja | long flexible object, hair | Finnish "linja" (line) |
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| palisa| long solid object, branch, stick | Serbo-Croatian "palica" (rod) |
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| selo | outer form, shell, skin, boundary| Esperanto "ŝelo" (skin) |
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| sijelo| body, physical state, torso | Serbo-Croatian "tijelo" (body) |
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| len | cloth, clothes, layer of privacy | Acadian French "linge" (clothing)|
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| lete | cold, raw | Acadian French "frette" (cold) |
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| musi | entertaining, artistic, fun, game| Esperanto "amuzi" (have fun) |
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Time to introduce two another particles in this language: "pi" and "la".
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## pi
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The word "pi" works by grouping several adjectives together. Normally, all
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adjectives in a phrase apply to the first word.
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For example:
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> jan wawa -- strong person
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> jan wawa ala -- no strong people
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If you need to say "weak people", you need to negate "wawa", but not "jan".
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That's where "pi" comes in handy:
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> jan pi wawa ala -- weak person/people ("of no strength")
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It is also useful for phrases that use unofficial words.
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> ma tomo Wasintan li ma tomo lawa pi ma Mewika. -- (the city of) Washington is
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> the capital ("main city") of the United States.
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## la
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The word "la" allows to combine two sentences to form conditions and introduce
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context.
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> [sentence A] la [sentence B].
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This translates to something like:
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> If [sentence A], then [sentence B].
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## Dialectal differences
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> %info%
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> This part of the document describes how certain toki pona courses differ in
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> explaining certain ideas.
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The official book, the "o kama sona e toki pona!" course and my personal style
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differ on how to place punctuation in sentences that use "la".
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The official book sometimes uses a comma before "la" and sometimes uses no
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punctuation.
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The online course doesn't use any punctuation.
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I personally prefer using the comma after "la".
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## Exercises
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Now, try to figure out the meaning of these sentences.
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And try to translate the following sentences into toki pona.
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<a name="answers" href="#answers" onclick="revealSpoilers();">Reveal answers</a>
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> %spoiler%
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> %spoiler%
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> *
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[Next page](11.html) [Previous page](9.html)
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