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109 lines
3.3 KiB
Markdown
109 lines
3.3 KiB
Markdown
% toki pona page 5 - this and that
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% /dev/urandom
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% 2020-03-15
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The vocabulary for this page:
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| word | meaning |
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|---------|---------------------------------------|
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| ante | different, changed, to change |
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| awen | keep, stay, endure, protect, continue |
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| en | and (combines subjects) |
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| kalama | sound, noise, to read/make sound |
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| kulupu | group, community, society |
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| lape | sleep, rest |
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| mute | many, more, quantity, very |
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| ni | this, that |
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| pakala | break, mistake, (generic curse) |
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| seli | fire, heat, warmth, chemical reaction |
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Before we discover a whole new type of words and new grammar, let's fill in some
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blanks.
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The word "en" lets one combine several subjects in one sentence:
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> mi en sina li moku. -- You and I are eating.
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Note that it is _not_ used to combine several verbs or objects -- the way to do
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that was explained on [page 4](en/4).
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The word "mute" allows to specify whether the subject (or object) is singular or
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plural.
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> jan utala mute -- many warriors
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> mi mute -- we, us
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Here are some example sentences:
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> jan lili mute li lape. -- The children are sleeping.
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> kiwen suli li pakala e tomo lipu. -- A big rock damaged the library ("house of
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> books").
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> mi pakala lili. -- I made a little mistake.
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> ilo sina li kalama mute ike. -- Your instrument is making lots of bad noise.
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## The word "ni"
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The simplest use of the word "ni" is to mean "this" or "that":
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> kulupu ni li pona mute. -- This community is very good.
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However, it is much more powerful than that. The word "ni" can also be used to
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create more complex sentences.
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It can be used to talk about what other people say (or even quote them,
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depending on context):
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> jan lili li toki e ni: sina pona. -- The child said that you're good.
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> ona li toki e ni: "toki! sina pona lukin." -- They said: "Hello! You look
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> good."
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Or it can be used to provide even more detailed descriptions of subjects or
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objects.
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> jan pali ni li pali e tomo mi: ona li jo e kiwen mute. -- The worker with lots
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> of rocks built my home. ("This worker built my home: they have lots of
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> rocks.")
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## Stylistic differences
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> %info%
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> This part of the document describes how certain toki pona courses differ in
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> explaining certain ideas.
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There doesn't seem to be an agreement whether or not "en" can be used within
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phrases that use the particle "pi" (will be explained in [page 9](en/9)). In
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addition, Sonja Lang herself said that using "en" to combine several objects is
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"not completely
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wrong"([1][mapona_en]), but rather stylistically inelegant.
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[mapona_en]: https://discord.com/channels/301377942062366741/301377942062366741/640764719614918656
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## Exercises
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Now, try to figure out the meaning of these sentences.
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* kulupu sina li ante mute.
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* jan ike li pakala e ilo mi.
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* mi pali e tomo ni.
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* jan utala pona mute li awen e kulupu ni.
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* kulupu suli li awen, li suli e ona.
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And try to translate the following sentences into toki pona.
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* Warm food is very good.
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* Sleeping children don't make noises.
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* The workers said that they are strong and tough.
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* You look different.
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* This house preserves the heat.
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[Answers](en/answers#p5)
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> %page-nav%
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> [Previous page](en/4)
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> [Top page](.)
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> [Next page](en/6)
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