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added a vocab table to x1
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@ -163,4 +163,33 @@ pona и sitelen sitelen -- пишутся слева направо.)
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("изменять свои старые творения в худшую сторону") -- стоит заметить, что в токи
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("изменять свои старые творения в худшую сторону") -- стоит заметить, что в токи
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пона не используется буква "y" и произношение этого слова неизвестно.
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пона не используется буква "y" и произношение этого слова неизвестно.
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## Таблица самых часто-используемых дополнительных слов
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Этот список был создан на основе [таблицы частоты использования дополнительных
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слов](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1dGd4do1Jk2L2NwW5l7tLgSajAVkUqO0z2UHGu4_Sq_M)
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за авторством пользователя Reddit `qwertyter`, с дополнительными изменениями на
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основе моего личного опыта.
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В столбце "альтернативы" указаны слова и фразы из официального словаря, которыми
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можно выразить схожие идеи. Не все из них подходят полностью, и для некоторых из
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них нужно использовать другие части речи (например, "tu" как прилагательное в
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значении "разделённый" без частицы "li" легко спутать с числом "два".)
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| слово | значение | альтернативы |
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|---------|------------------------------------|-----------------------|
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| kin | эмфаза ("очень", "тоже") | a, mute |
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| monsuta | страх, монстр | |
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| lanpan | получить, взять, брать | kama jo (kama jo utala) |
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| oko | глаз | lukin |
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| tonsi | небинарный / трансгендерный, ЛГБТ | |
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| kipisi | делить, резать | tu |
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| namako | дополнительный, приправа | sin |
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| kijetesantakalu | енот | |
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| leko | квадрат, кирпич, ступени | |
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| powe | ложь, неправда | sona ike, ... li lon ala |
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| apeja | стыд, позор, вина | |
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| majuna | старый | pi tenpo mute pini |
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| pake | прекращать, блокировать | pini, pali ala |
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| linluwi | интернет | |
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[Главная страница](ru_index.html)
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[Главная страница](ru_index.html)
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@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ Of course, given that part of toki pona's idea is to reduce the number of words
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and to remove unnecessary ideas, any such usage will have some controversy. I
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and to remove unnecessary ideas, any such usage will have some controversy. I
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will try and provide my own opinions on the words in this list.
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will try and provide my own opinions on the words in this list.
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## Merged words: kin, namako and oko
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## Merged words: kin, namako and oko
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Before the official toki pona book was published, there were certain words that
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Before the official toki pona book was published, there were certain words that
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@ -30,7 +31,8 @@ instead of being removed, these words were added as synonyms to other words.
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The word "kin" is described as a synonym for "a", but whereas "a" is a more
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The word "kin" is described as a synonym for "a", but whereas "a" is a more
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generic expression of emotion, "kin" was used as an emphasis word similar to
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generic expression of emotion, "kin" was used as an emphasis word similar to
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"really" or "indeed". I believe that this meaning is covered very well by the
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"also", "really" or "indeed" -- emphasizing the literal meaning of the sentence, rather
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than the emotional one. I believe that this meaning is covered very well by the
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words "a" (as an emotional indicator) and "mute" (as a type of emphasis).
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words "a" (as an emotional indicator) and "mute" (as a type of emphasis).
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The word "namako" was used to mean "addition" or "spice". In the official book,
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The word "namako" was used to mean "addition" or "spice". In the official book,
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@ -157,4 +159,32 @@ Other such joke words include "mulapisu" for pizza and "yupekosi" for "to revise
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your old work only to make it worse"; note that toki pona doesn't use the letter
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your old work only to make it worse"; note that toki pona doesn't use the letter
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"y" and therefore it's unknown how to actually pronounce this word.
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"y" and therefore it's unknown how to actually pronounce this word.
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## Vocabulary table for the most common additional words
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This list is based on the [spreadsheet of non-pu word
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frequencies](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1dGd4do1Jk2L2NwW5l7tLgSajAVkUqO0z2UHGu4_Sq_M)
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by reddit user `qwertyter`, with some changes based on personal experience.
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The "alternatives" column lists which words and phrases can be used to express
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similar ideas using only official vocabulary. Not all of these can be used as
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the same parts of speech (for example, using "tu" as an adjective without a "li"
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particle to mean "divided" can be easily confused with the number "two".)
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| word | meaning | alternatives |
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|---------|------------------------------------|-----------------------|
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| kin | emphasis ("really", "very", "too") | a, mute |
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| monsuta | fear, monster | |
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| lanpan | take, get, receive | kama jo (kama jo utala) |
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| oko | eye | lukin |
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| tonsi | nonbinary / transgender, LGBT | |
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| kipisi | to divide, to cut | tu |
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| namako | additional, spice | sin |
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| kijetesantakalu | raccoon | |
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| leko | square, brick, stairs | |
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| powe | false | sona ike, ... li lon ala |
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| apeja | shame, guilt | |
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| majuna | old | pi tenpo mute pini |
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| pake | stop, block | pini, pali ala |
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| linluwi | internet | |
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[Top page](index.html)
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[Top page](index.html)
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