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style changes, sound comparisons for 0, "lon" in 6
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4 changed files with 91 additions and 67 deletions
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@ -10,13 +10,26 @@ These are: a,e,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,s,t,u,w.
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You might have noticed that all these letters are lowercase. This is because all
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You might have noticed that all these letters are lowercase. This is because all
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toki pona words are spelled in lowercase, even at the start of sentences.
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toki pona words are spelled in lowercase, even at the start of sentences.
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The consonants use the same sounds as those in English, with the exception of
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The consonants (j,k,l,m,n,p,s,t,w) use the same sounds as those in English, with
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"j", which instead sounds like the English "y".
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the exception of "j", which instead sounds like the English "y".
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The vowels are a bit more complicated (or more simple, depending on your view).
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The vowels (a,e,i,o,u) are a bit more complicated to explain (but simpler to
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Unlike English, every vowel uses the same sound in all words. If you know how
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pronounce). Unlike English, every vowel uses the same sound in all words. If you
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to pronounce the vowel sounds in Spanish, Japanese or Esperanto, then you can
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know how to pronounce the vowel sounds in Spanish, Japanese or Esperanto, then
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pronounce them the same way in toki pona.
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you can pronounce them the same way in toki pona.
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For examples of English words with corresponding pronunciations:
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* **a** sounds like the "a" in the word "far" or (in some dialects of English)
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the "u" in "up" or the "a" in "bath".
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* **e** sounds like the "e" in the word "bet".
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* **i** sounds like the "i" in the word "bit" or "ee" in "wee".
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* **o** sounds like the "o" in the word "or".
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* **u** sounds like the "oo" in "oops" or "moon".
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> %info%
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> %info%
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> The "International Phonetic Alphabet" (IPA) is a common way to write
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> The "International Phonetic Alphabet" (IPA) is a common way to write
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@ -27,24 +40,11 @@ pronounce them the same way in toki pona.
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> /ˈlæŋɡwɪd͡ʒ/, but in toki pona, every single letter's pronunciation _is_ its
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> /ˈlæŋɡwɪd͡ʒ/, but in toki pona, every single letter's pronunciation _is_ its
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> IPA symbol! So "toki pona" is pronounced /toki pona/.
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> IPA symbol! So "toki pona" is pronounced /toki pona/.
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For examples of English words with corresponding pronunciations:
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* **a** sounds like the "u" in the word "up" or (in some variants of English)
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the "a" in "bath".
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* **e** sounds like the "e" in the word "bet".
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* **i** sounds like the "i" in the word "win".
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* **o** sounds like the "o" in the word "long".
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* **u** sounds like the "oo" in "oops" or "moon".
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Since there are so few sounds, the way they can be pronounced can be very
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Since there are so few sounds, the way they can be pronounced can be very
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flexible. For example, some might substitute the sounds "p,t,k" with "b,d,g".
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flexible. For example, some might substitute the sounds "p,t,k" with "b,d,g".
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Such a shift would cause a lot of ambiguity or confusion in other languages, but
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Such a shift would cause a lot of ambiguity or confusion in other languages, but
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toki pona's sounds were chosen to be easy to distinguish, regardless of one's
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toki pona's sounds were chosen to be common to many languages and easy to
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native tongue.
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distinguish.
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All toki pona words are pronounced with stress on their first syllable.
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All toki pona words are pronounced with stress on their first syllable.
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@ -62,11 +62,11 @@ regular words:
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> tomo tawa mi li pona. -- My car ("moving house/structure") is good.
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> tomo tawa mi li pona. -- My car ("moving house/structure") is good.
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> mi tawa lon tomo moku. -- I am going to the restaurant ("house of food").
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> mi tawa tomo moku. -- I am going to the restaurant ("house of food").
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The word "tawa" can also express perspective.
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The word "tawa" can also express perspective.
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> sina li pona tawa mi. -- I like you. ("You are good for me.")
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> sina pona tawa mi. -- I like you. ("You are good for me.")
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> %warning%
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> %warning%
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> Since "tawa" can be both an adjective and a preposition, certain phrases can
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> Since "tawa" can be both an adjective and a preposition, certain phrases can
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@ -41,4 +41,15 @@
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Все слова в токи пона произносятся с ударением на первый слог.
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Все слова в токи пона произносятся с ударением на первый слог.
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Вот несколько слов токи пона, которые звучат, как русские слова:
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| слово | звучит как |
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|-----------|-------------------|
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| jaki | яки |
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| jelo | ело |
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| kon | кон |
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| lupa | лупа |
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| meli | мели |
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| pali | пали |
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[Следующая страница](ru_1.html) [Заглавная страница](ru_index.html)
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[Следующая страница](ru_1.html) [Заглавная страница](ru_index.html)
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@ -1,17 +1,27 @@
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#define C_WHITE #eeeeec
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#define C_PAGEBG #9a93b7
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#define C_GRAY1 #d3d7cf
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#define C_HEADERBG #221f31
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#define C_GRAY2 #babdb6
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#define C_BODYBG #fefefe
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#define C_GRAY3 #888a85
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#define C_FOOTERBG #404a68
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#define C_BLACK #2e3436
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#define C_BLACK2 #555753
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#define C_HEADERFG #fefefe
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#define C_RED1 #cc0000
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#define C_BODYFG #050403
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#define C_RED2 #a40000
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#define C_FOOTERFG #9a93b7
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#define C_GRN1 #73d216
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#define C_BLEAKFG #9a93b7
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#define C_GRN2 #4e9a06
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#define C_YEL1 #edd400
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#define C_DLINK #221f31
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#define C_YEL2 #c4a000
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#define C_LINK #404a68
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#define C_BLU1 #3465a4
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#define C_VISLINK #678fcb
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#define C_BLU2 #204a87
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#define C_FOOTLINK #9a93b7
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#define C_DBORDER #404a68
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#define C_LBORDER #9a93b7
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#define C_DERR #a14d3f
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#define C_LERR #ea9182
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#define C_DINF #221f31
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#define C_LINF #8be1e0
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#define C_DWRN #9b6e2d
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#define C_LWRN #f5ee9b
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@font-face {
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@font-face {
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font-family: "Xolonium";
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font-family: "Xolonium";
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@ -23,24 +33,17 @@ html {
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}
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}
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body {
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body {
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background: C_WHITE;
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background: C_BODYBG;
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color:C_BLACK;
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color:C_BODYFG;
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min-height: 100%;
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min-height: 100%;
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margin: 0;
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margin: 0;
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}
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}
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body a, body a:visited {
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color: C_BLU2;
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}
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body a:visited {
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color: C_BLU1;
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}
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blockquote {
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blockquote {
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margin: 6pt;
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margin: 6pt;
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padding-inline: 1em;
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padding-inline: 1em;
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border-inline-start: 4px solid C_GRAY2;
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border-inline-start: 4px solid C_LBORDER;
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}
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}
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p {
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p {
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@ -49,18 +52,18 @@ p {
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table {
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table {
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background: #fefefe;
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background: #fefefe;
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border: 2px solid C_GRAY2;
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border: 2px solid C_LBORDER;
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border-collapse: collapse;
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border-collapse: collapse;
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}
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}
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th, td {
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th, td {
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border: 1px solid C_GRAY1;
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border: 1px solid C_DBORDER;
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padding: 4pt;
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padding: 4pt;
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}
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}
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.header {
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.header {
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background: C_BLACK2;
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background: C_HEADERBG;
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color: C_WHITE;
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color: C_HEADERFG;
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font-family: sans-serif;
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font-family: sans-serif;
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min-height: 1px;
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min-height: 1px;
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padding-block: 1em;
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padding-block: 1em;
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@ -68,7 +71,7 @@ th, td {
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}
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}
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.header a, .header a:visited {
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.header a, .header a:visited {
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color: C_WHITE;
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color: C_HEADERFG;
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}
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}
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.header h2, .header h3 {
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.header h2, .header h3 {
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@ -76,8 +79,8 @@ th, td {
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}
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}
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.footer {
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.footer {
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background: C_GRAY3;
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background: C_FOOTERBG;
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color: C_BLACK;
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color: C_FOOTERFG;
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text-align: center;
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text-align: center;
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font-family: sans-serif;
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font-family: sans-serif;
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font-size: 0.8em;
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font-size: 0.8em;
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@ -85,15 +88,23 @@ th, td {
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}
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}
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.footer a, .footer a:visited {
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.footer a, .footer a:visited {
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color: C_BLACK2;
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color: C_FOOTLINK;
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}
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}
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.content {
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.content {
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margin: 0 6pt;
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margin: 0 6pt;
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color: C_BLACK;
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color: C_BODYFG;
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font-family: serif;
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font-family: serif;
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}
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}
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.content a, .content a:visited {
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color: C_LINK;
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}
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.content a:focus, .content a:hover {
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color: C_DLINK;
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}
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.info, .warning, .error {
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.info, .warning, .error {
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margin: 6pt;
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margin: 6pt;
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padding-inline-start: 0.5em;
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padding-inline-start: 0.5em;
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@ -120,24 +131,26 @@ th, td {
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}
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}
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.info {
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.info {
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border-inline-start: 4px solid C_GRN1;
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border-inline-start: 4px solid C_DINF;
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color: C_GRN2;
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background: C_LINF;
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color: C_DINF;
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}
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}
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.warning {
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.warning {
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border-inline-start: 4px solid C_YEL1;
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border-inline-start: 4px solid C_DWRN;
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color: C_YEL2;
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background: C_LWRN;
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color: C_DWRN;
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}
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}
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.error {
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.error {
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border-inline-start: 4px solid C_RED1;
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border-inline-start: 4px solid C_DERR;
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color: C_RED2;
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background: C_LERR;
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color: C_DERR;
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}
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}
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.spoiler {
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.spoiler {
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border-inline-start: 4px solid C_BLACK2;
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border-inline-start: 4px solid C_DBORDER;
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background: C_GRAY2;
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color:;
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color:C_BLACK2;
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visibility: hidden;
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visibility: hidden;
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}
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}
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@ -158,10 +171,10 @@ th, td {
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@media screen and (min-width:720pt) {
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@media screen and (min-width:720pt) {
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html {
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html {
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background:C_GRAY1;
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background:C_PAGEBG;
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}
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}
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body {
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body {
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box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px C_GRAY2;
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box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px C_LBORDER;
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max-width: 720pt;
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max-width: 720pt;
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margin: auto;
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margin: auto;
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}
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}
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