From 6ea7fc5ee9fe81b29f430e20a1f4fc67676212f8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: /dev/urandom Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2020 14:43:40 +0300 Subject: [PATCH] more work on pages 567, started 8 --- pages/tokipona/2.md | 4 ++-- pages/tokipona/3.md | 24 +++++++++++------------ pages/tokipona/4.md | 15 +++++++++------ pages/tokipona/5.md | 13 ++++++------- pages/tokipona/6.md | 18 +++++++++--------- pages/tokipona/7.md | 46 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------- pages/tokipona/8.md | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++ vocab.txt | 16 ++++++++-------- 8 files changed, 100 insertions(+), 59 deletions(-) create mode 100644 pages/tokipona/8.md diff --git a/pages/tokipona/2.md b/pages/tokipona/2.md index 0d55951..218d32b 100644 --- a/pages/tokipona/2.md +++ b/pages/tokipona/2.md @@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ The vocabulary for this page: | li | (between subj. and verb/adj.) | Esperanto "li" (he) | | pona | good, simple, to improve, to fix| Esperanto "bona" (good) | | ike | bad, evil, complex, unnecessary | Finnish "ilkeä" (bad) | -| suli | big, great, important | Finnish "suuri" (big, great) | -| lili | small, short, few, young | Tok Pisin "liklik" (small) | +| suli | big, great, important, to grow | Finnish "suuri" (big, great) | +| lili | small, few, young, to shrink | Tok Pisin "liklik" (small) | | kili | fruit, vegetable, mushroom | Georgian "xili" (fruit) | | soweli| land mammal, animal | Georgian "cxoveli" (beastly animal)| diff --git a/pages/tokipona/3.md b/pages/tokipona/3.md index 08f8442..0636318 100644 --- a/pages/tokipona/3.md +++ b/pages/tokipona/3.md @@ -4,18 +4,18 @@ The vocabulary for this page: -| word | meaning | derived from | -|---------|---------------------------------|-------------------------------| -| ala | no, not, zero | Georgian "ara" (no) | -| ale/ali | all, everything, universe | Dutch "alle" (all) | -| utala | fight, battle, challenge | Serbo-Croatian "udarati" (hit)| -| wawa | strong, powerful | Finnish "vahva" (strong) | -| suwi | sweet, cute, adorable | Tok Pisin "suwi" (sweet) | -| jan | person, people, humanity | Cantonese "jan" (person) | -| mama | parent, ancestor, creator | Georgian "mama" (father) | -| meli | woman, female, feminine, wife | Tok Pisin "meri" (woman, wife)| -| mije | man, male, masculine | Finnish "mies" (man, husband) | -| moku | food, to eat | Japanese "mogumogu" (munching)| +| word | meaning | derived from | +|---------|----------------------------------|-------------------------------| +| ala | no, not, zero | Georgian "ara" (no) | +| ale/ali | all, everything, universe | Dutch "alle" (all) | +| utala | fight, battle, challenge | Serbo-Croatian "udarati" (hit)| +| wawa | strong, powerful | Finnish "vahva" (strong) | +| suwi | sweet, cute, adorable | Tok Pisin "suwi" (sweet) | +| jan | person, people, humanity | Cantonese "jan" (person) | +| mama | parent, ancestor, creator, origin| Georgian "mama" (father) | +| meli | woman, female, feminine, wife | Tok Pisin "meri" (woman, wife)| +| mije | man, male, masculine | Finnish "mies" (man, husband) | +| moku | food, to eat | Japanese "mogumogu" (munching)| To define subjects and adjectives more clearly, you can add extra words as adjectives. In toki pona, an adjective that modifies a noun stands after the diff --git a/pages/tokipona/4.md b/pages/tokipona/4.md index b405f77..b8ec79a 100644 --- a/pages/tokipona/4.md +++ b/pages/tokipona/4.md @@ -53,12 +53,15 @@ Here are some sentences: > mi olin e meli mi. - I love my wife. -Since the word "lukin" itself describes the act of seeing someone, rather than -their appearance, complimenting someone on the latter would usually be expressed -as: - -> sina pona lukin. - You look good (are "good visually"). - +> %warning% +> +> Since the word "lukin" itself describes the act of seeing someone, rather than +> their appearance, complimenting someone on the latter would usually be expressed +> as: +> +> > sina pona lukin. - You look good (are "good visually"). +> + ## Exercises Now, try to figure out the meaning of these sentences. diff --git a/pages/tokipona/5.md b/pages/tokipona/5.md index 33d21d2..199f431 100644 --- a/pages/tokipona/5.md +++ b/pages/tokipona/5.md @@ -39,9 +39,8 @@ And here's some sentences that use interesting phrases. > ona li toki ike e jan pona mi. - They (insult / speak bad things about) my > friend(s). -Okay, I will explain one more concept. You can put several verbs and several -objects into one sentence by adding extra particles "li" or "e" followed by -their verbs or objects. +You can put several verbs and several objects into one sentence by adding extra +particles "li" or "e" followed by their verbs or objects. > meli li toki e soweli, e waso. - A woman is talking about land animals and > birds. @@ -80,8 +79,8 @@ And try to translate the following sentences into toki pona. * Your city doesn't have any workers. * My husband doesn't work, (only) eats and fights. -* -* +* My homeland ("original land") is large. +* Your painting looks good. * My friend has fish and fruit and makes good food. Reveal answers @@ -96,8 +95,8 @@ And try to translate the following sentences into toki pona. > %spoiler% > * ma tomo sina li jo ala e jan pali. > * mije ma li pali ala, li moku, li utala. -> * -> * +> * ma mama mi li suli. +> * sitelen sina li pona lukin. > * jan pona mi li jo e kala e kili li pali e moku pona. [Next page](6.html) [Previous page](4.html) diff --git a/pages/tokipona/6.md b/pages/tokipona/6.md index 114c7c8..246d5e7 100644 --- a/pages/tokipona/6.md +++ b/pages/tokipona/6.md @@ -65,15 +65,15 @@ wrong", but rather stylistically inelegant. Now, try to figure out the meaning of these sentences. -* mi moku ala e soweli. -* jan pona sina li toki e ma e telo. +* kulupu sina li ante mute. +* * mi pali e tomo ni. * jan utala pona mute li awen e kulupu ni. -* +* kulupu suli li awen li suli e ona. And try to translate the following sentences into toki pona. -* Your city doesn't have any workers. +* * * * @@ -82,14 +82,14 @@ And try to translate the following sentences into toki pona. Reveal answers > %spoiler% -> * I don't eat animals (i.e. meat). -> * Your friend is talking about the land and the water. -> * I built this house. -> * The good warriors will protect this community. +> * Your community is very different. > * +> * I built this house. +> * The good warriors protect this community. +> * The large community endures and grows itself. > %spoiler% -> * ma tomo sina li jo ala e jan pali. +> * > * > * > * diff --git a/pages/tokipona/7.md b/pages/tokipona/7.md index 3d14999..6067d95 100644 --- a/pages/tokipona/7.md +++ b/pages/tokipona/7.md @@ -66,13 +66,25 @@ The word "tawa" can also express perspective. > sina li pona tawa mi. -- I like you. ("You are good for me.") +> %warning% +> Since "tawa" can be both an adjective and a preposition, certain phrases can +> be ambiguous. For example, "tomo tawa mi" can mean both "my car" and "a house, +> from my perspective". The specific meaning will depend on context. + And here are some examples of the location words: > waso mute li lon sewi. -- Many birds are in the sky. -> mi toki tawa jan sewi. -- I speak to a (deity/angel/someone divine/man in the -> sky). +> mi toki tawa jan sewi. -- I speak to a (deity/angel/someone divine/(possibly +> literally) man in the sky). +> mi tawa kepeken noka mi. -- I am moving on foot ("using my legs"). + +> kiwen lili li lon noka mi. -- A small rock is below me. + +> mi tawa lon poka sina. -- I walk beside you. + + ## Dialectal differences @@ -84,39 +96,43 @@ The official book uses "lon" with a wider meaning, also including "with". For example, "I speak in toki pona" is translated as "mi toki lon toki pona". This does not seem to be a common usage of the word. +Other courses also use "anpa" instead of "noka" to mean "below" (using "noka" +only to specifically mean "leg" or "foot".) The word "anpa" will be covered in +later pages. + ## Exercises Now, try to figure out the meaning of these sentences. -* mi moku ala e soweli. -* jan pona sina li toki e ma e telo. -* mi pali e tomo ni. -* jan utala pona mute li awen e kulupu ni. +* ona li toki tawa mama mije ona kepeken ilo toki. +* moku suwi li ike tawa mi. +* ma mama mi li utala e ma poka. * +* pipi lili li lon sinpin sina. And try to translate the following sentences into toki pona. -* Your city doesn't have any workers. -* +* You broke my car. * +* I dislike this chat room ("talking structure"). * * Reveal answers > %spoiler% -> * I don't eat animals (i.e. meat). -> * Your friend is talking about the land and the water. -> * I built this house. -> * The good warriors will protect this community. +> * They are speaking to their father on a phone. +> * I don't like sweet food / Sweet food is bad for me. +> * My homeland is fighting (against) a neighboring country. > * +> * A small bug is on your face. > %spoiler% -> * ma tomo sina li jo ala e jan pali. -> * +> * sina pakala e tomo tawa mi. > * +> * tomo toki ni li ike tawa mi. > * > * -[Next page](7.html) [Previous page](5.html) +[Next page](8.html) [Previous page](6.html) diff --git a/pages/tokipona/8.md b/pages/tokipona/8.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6fcd809 --- /dev/null +++ b/pages/tokipona/8.md @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +% toki pona page 8 - interjections, questions, commands +% /dev/urandom +% march 2020 + +The vocabulary for this page: + +| word | meaning | derived from | +|---------|---------------------------------|----------------------------------| +| a | (emotional interjection) | n/a | +| anu | or (for yes/no questions) | Georgian "an" (or) | +| mu | (any animal sound) | "moo" onomatopoeia | +| o | (addressing people, commands) | Georgian "-o" (vocative case) | +| seme | what? (for questions) | Mandarin "shénme" (what, smth) | + +| word | meaning | derived from | +|---------|---------------------------------|----------------------------------| +| kute | listen, hear, obey, ear | | +| | | | +| | | | +| | | | +| | | | + + diff --git a/vocab.txt b/vocab.txt index d839cce..6d04843 100644 --- a/vocab.txt +++ b/vocab.txt @@ -1,14 +1,14 @@ | word | page | |----------|---------| -| a/kin | | +| a/kin | 8 | | akesi | | | ala | 3 | | alasa | | | ale/ali | 3 | -| anpa | | +| anpa | 7 | | ante | 6 | -| anu | | +| anu | 8 | | awen | 6 | | e | 4 | | en | 6 | @@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ | kon | | | kule | | | kulupu | 6 | -| kute | | +| kute | 8 | | la | | | lape | 6 | | laso | | -| lawa | | +| lawa | 7 | | len | | | lete | | | li | 2 | @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ | moku | 3 | | moli | | | monsi | 7 | -| mu | | +| mu | 8 | | mun | 6 | | musi | | | mute | 6 | @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ | ni | 6 | | nimi | | | noka | 7 | -| o | | +| o | 8 | | olin | 4 | | ona | 2 | | open | | @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ | sama | 7 | | seli | 6 | | selo | | -| seme | | +| seme | 8 | | sewi | 7 | | sijelo | | | sike | |