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% toki pona page 10 - pi and la
% /dev/urandom
% march 2020
The vocabulary for this page:
| word | meaning | derived from |
|-------|----------------------------------|----------------------------------|
| pi | "of" (groups adjectives) | Tok Pisin "bilong" (of) |
| la | "if/when" (introduces context) | Esperanto "la" (definite article)|
| luka | hand, arm | Serbo-Croatian "ruka" (arm) |
| linja | long flexible object, hair | Finnish "linja" (line) |
| palisa| long solid object, branch, stick | Serbo-Croatian "palica" (rod) |
| selo | outer form, shell, skin, boundary| Esperanto "ŝelo" (skin) |
| sijelo| body, physical state, torso | Serbo-Croatian "tijelo" (body) |
| len | cloth, clothes, layer of privacy | Acadian French "linge" (clothing)|
| lete | cold, raw | Acadian French "frette" (cold) |
| musi | entertaining, artistic, fun, game| Esperanto "amuzi" (have fun) |
Time to introduce two another particles in this language: "pi" and "la".
## pi
The word "pi" works by grouping several adjectives together. Normally, all
adjectives in a phrase apply to the first word.
For example:
> jan wawa -- strong person
> jan wawa ala -- no strong people
If you need to say "weak people", you need to negate "wawa", but not "jan".
That's where "pi" comes in handy:
> jan pi wawa ala -- weak person/people ("of no strength")
It is also useful for phrases that use unofficial words.
> ma tomo Wasintan li ma tomo lawa pi ma Mewika. -- (the city of) Washington is
> the capital ("main city") of the United States.
## la
The word "la" allows to combine two sentences to form conditions and introduce
context.
> [sentence A] la [sentence B].
This translates to something like:
> If [sentence A], then [sentence B].
## Dialectal differences
> %info%
> This part of the document describes how certain toki pona courses differ in
> explaining certain ideas.
The official book, the "o kama sona e toki pona!" course and my personal style
differ on how to place punctuation in sentences that use "la".
The official book sometimes uses a comma before "la" and sometimes uses no
punctuation.
The online course doesn't use any punctuation.
I personally prefer using the comma after "la".
## Exercises
Now, try to figure out the meaning of these sentences.
*
*
*
*
*
And try to translate the following sentences into toki pona.
*
*
*
*
*
<a name="answers" href="#answers" onclick="revealSpoilers();">Reveal answers</a>
> %spoiler%
> *
> *
> *
> *
> *
> %spoiler%
> *
> *
> *
> *
> *
[Next page](11.html) [Previous page](9.html)

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@ -66,32 +66,32 @@ wrong", but rather stylistically inelegant.
Now, try to figure out the meaning of these sentences.
* kulupu sina li ante mute.
*
* jan ike li pakala e ilo mi.
* mi pali e tomo ni.
* jan utala pona mute li awen e kulupu ni.
* kulupu suli li awen li suli e ona.
* kulupu suli li awen, li suli e ona.
And try to translate the following sentences into toki pona.
*
*
*
*
* Warm food is very good.
* Sleeping children don't make noises.
* The workers said that they are strong and tough.
*
*
<a name="answers" href="#answers" onclick="revealSpoilers();">Reveal answers</a>
> %spoiler%
> * Your community is very different.
> *
> * A bad person broke my tools.
> * I built this house.
> * The good warriors protect this community.
> * The large community endures and grows itself.
> %spoiler%
> *
> *
> *
> * moku seli li pona mute.
> * jan lili lape li kalama ala.
> * jan pali mute li toki e ni: ona li wawa, li kiwen.
> *
> *

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@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ does not seem to be a common usage of the word.
Other courses also use "anpa" instead of "noka" to mean "below" (using "noka"
only to specifically mean "leg" or "foot".) The word "anpa" will be covered in
later pages.
[page 8](8.html).
## Exercises

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@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ The vocabulary for this page:
| word | meaning | derived from |
|-------|----------------------------------|----------------------------------|
| kute | listen, hear, obey, ear | Acadian French "écouter" (listen)|
| open | start, begin, open, turn on | English "open" |
| pini | end, finish, close, turn off | Tok Pisin "pinis" (perfective) |
| nimi | word, name | Finnish "nimi" (name) |
| lawa | head, control, own, rule, main | Serbo-Croatian "glava" (head) |
| anpa | lowly, humble, to conquer/defeat | Acadian French "en bas" (below) |
| insa | inside, contents, center, stomach| Tok Pisin "insait" (inside) |
@ -95,6 +95,10 @@ is always a noun or a noun phrase describing what is being referred to.
> ma tomo Napoli -- (the city) Naples
Alternatively, the unofficial words can actually be used as adjectives:
> jan Kanata -- a Canadian person
Thanks to different people interpreting both the native names and toki pona's
sounds in different ways, there may ultimately be several different unofficial
names for the same city or country's name.
@ -103,3 +107,50 @@ Also, people speaking toki pona are free to pick their own personal toki pona
names, either by adapting the name from their native language or coming up with
something new.
## Examples
> o toki ala a! -- Shut up!
> sina pali ala pali e ni? -- Did you do this?
> mi jan San. mi lon ma Mewika. -- I am John. I live in the United States.
> nimi sina li seme? -- What is your name?
> jan lawa mi li ike mute. -- (My boss / our leader) is very bad.
## Exercises
Now, try to figure out the meaning of these sentences.
*
*
*
*
*
And try to translate the following sentences into toki pona.
* I don't think gods exist.
* Don't make noise in the library.
*
*
*
<a name="answers" href="#answers" onclick="revealSpoilers();">Reveal answers</a>
> %spoiler%
> *
> *
> *
> *
> *
> %spoiler%
> * mi toki insa e ni: jan sewi li lon ala.
> * o kalama ala lon tomo lipu.
> *
> *
> *
[Next page](9.html) [Previous page](7.html)

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% toki pona page 9 - colorful language
% /dev/urandom
% march 2020
The vocabulary for this page:
| word | meaning | derived from |
|-------|----------------------------------|----------------------------------|
| kule | color, colorful | French "couleur" (color) |
| jelo | yellow (and its shades) | English "yellow" |
| laso | blue, green (and its shades) | Welsh "glas" (blue) |
| loje | red (and its shades) | Dutch "rooie" (red) |
| pimeja| black, dark | Finnish "pimeä" (dark) |
| walo | white, bright | Finnish "valko-" (white) |
| nasa | unusual, strange, crazy, drunk | Tok Pisin "nasau" (stupid) |
| jaki | dirty, disgusting, toxic | English "yucky" |
| moli | death, dying | Acadian French "mourir" (die) |
| unpa | sexual (or marital) relations | onomatopoeia |

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@ -17,9 +17,9 @@
| ike | 2 |
| ilo | 4 |
| insa | 8 |
| jaki | |
| jaki | 9 |
| jan | 3 |
| jelo | |
| jelo | 9 |
| jo | 5 |
| kala | 5 |
| kalama | 6 |
@ -31,22 +31,22 @@
| kiwen | 5 |
| ko | 5 |
| kon | |
| kule | |
| kule | 9 |
| kulupu | 6 |
| kute | 8 |
| la | |
| la | 10 |
| lape | 6 |
| laso | |
| lawa | |
| len | |
| lete | |
| laso | 9 |
| lawa | 8 |
| len | 10 |
| lete | 10 |
| li | 2 |
| lili | 2 |
| linja | |
| linja | 10 |
| lipu | 4 |
| loje | |
| loje | 9 |
| lon | 7 |
| luka | |
| luka | 10 |
| lukin | 4 |
| lupa | |
| ma | 5 |
@ -56,32 +56,32 @@
| mi | 2 |
| mije | 3 |
| moku | 3 |
| moli | |
| moli | 9 |
| monsi | 7 |
| mu | 8 |
| mun | 6 |
| musi | |
| mun | |
| musi | 10 |
| mute | 6 |
| nanpa | |
| nasa | |
| nasa | 9 |
| nasin | |
| nena | |
| ni | 6 |
| nimi | |
| nimi | 8 |
| noka | 7 |
| o | 8 |
| olin | 4 |
| ona | 2 |
| open | 8 |
| open | |
| pakala | 6 |
| pali | 4 |
| palisa | |
| pan | |
| pana | 4 |
| pi | |
| pi | 10 |
| pilin | |
| pimeja | |
| pini | 8 |
| pimeja | 9 |
| pini | |
| pipi | 5 |
| poka | 7 |
| poki | |
@ -89,10 +89,10 @@
| pu | |
| sama | 7 |
| seli | 6 |
| selo | |
| selo | 10 |
| seme | 8 |
| sewi | 7 |
| sijelo | |
| sijelo | 10 |
| sike | |
| sin | |
| sina | 2 |
@ -112,10 +112,10 @@
| toki | 5 |
| tomo | 4 |
| tu | |
| unpa | |
| unpa | 9 |
| uta | |
| utala | 3 |
| walo | |
| walo | 9 |
| wan | |
| waso | 5 |
| wawa | 3 |