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60 lines
2.4 KiB
Markdown
60 lines
2.4 KiB
Markdown
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% page 8a - creating toki pona unofficial words
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% /dev/urandom
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% march 2020
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To learn how to adapt names into unofficial words, first you have to know how
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toki pona's phonology works. The language's words consist of a series of
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syllables assembled under a (C)V(N) system. This means that each syllable
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consists of an optional consonant, then a vowel, then a nasal (the "n" sound).
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In addition, the sequences "ji", "ti", "wo" and "wu" turn into "i", "si", "o"
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and "u".
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Here's a table of all possible syllables.
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| a | e | i | o | u | an| en| in| on| un|
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|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|
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| a | e | i | o | u | an| en| in| on| un|
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|ja |je | |jo |ju |jan|jen| |jon|jun|
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|ka |ke |ki |ko |ku |kan|ken|kin|kon|kun|
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|la |le |li |lo |lu |lan|len|lin|lon|lun|
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|ma |me |mi |mo |mu |man|men|min|mon|mun|
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|na |ne |ni |no |nu |nan|nen|nin|non|nun|
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|pa |pe |pi |po |pu |pan|pen|pin|pon|pun|
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|sa |se |si |so |su |san|sen|sin|son|sun|
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|ta |te | |to |tu |tan|ten| |ton|tun|
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|wa |we |wi | | |wan|wen|win| | |
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Another rule is that you can't follow a vowel sound by a vowel sound, and you
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can't follow a nasal "n" sound with a "m" or another "n".
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Consonant sounds that don't exist in toki pona are replaced with similar sounds.
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For example, Rome (Roma) turns into "ma tomo Loma" and Jakarta turns into "ma
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tomo Sakata".
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| consonant | sounds it can represent |
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|:---------:|:--------------------------------|
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| j | y |
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| k | k, g, sometimes h, French r |
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| l | l, r |
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| m | m |
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| n | n, syllable-final m |
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| p | p, b, f, sometimes v |
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| s | s, z, j, ch, sh, zh, ts, x |
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| t | t, d |
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| w | v, w, sometimes r |
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To deal with several consonant or vowel sounds in a row, you can either remove
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one of them or add an extra one.
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For names of cities, it's best to use pronunciations that people _in_ that city
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would use. For example, the city of Toronto, Canada is transcribed in the
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official book as "ma tomo Towano", not "ma tomo Tolonto".
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There are other rules, and interpretations of them differ. The "o kama sona e
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toki pona!" course features [this
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list of rules](http://tokipona.net/tp/janpije/tpize.php), and the official book
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has its own.
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[Back to page 8](8.html)
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